Protecting Wild Horses and Burros | Advocacy, Education & Action

The Battle for America’s Wild Horses: A Historical Perspective

In December 1971, the Wild Free-Roaming Horses and Burros Act was signed into law, aimed at protecting these iconic animals on public lands. However, between 1971 and 1975, federal land management agencies prioritized finding ways to avoid enforcing the law rather than upholding it. This period marked a critical loophole known as the “claiming period,” which allowed individuals to remove wild horses and burros from federal lands by asserting private ownership.

In regions like Elko County, Nevada, entire herds were eradicated from grazing allotments to prevent federal jurisdiction from interfering with permit holders. This practice effectively stripped these areas of free-roaming horses and burros before the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) began to require proof of ownership in 1976. By then, much of the damage to the wild horse populations and their habitats had already been done.

The Legacy of Land Management

Despite the passage of protective legislation, the same individuals—and their descendants—who violated the 1959 Wild Horse Annie Act continue to wield significant influence over public land policies. This enduring dynamic has perpetuated the struggle between protecting wild horses and prioritizing livestock grazing and other commercial interests.

A Continuing Struggle

While some progress has been made in enforcing the law, wild horse advocates argue that the BLM’s current management strategies still reflect the influence of powerful ranching interests. The agency often cites overpopulation and rangeland degradation as justifications for controversial helicopter roundups and removals. However, critics contend that these actions are driven more by political pressure than by scientific data on the actual impact of wild horses on the environment.

FACT: The March 2025 Wild Horse and Burro Off-Range Facilities Report provides a comprehensive overview of the status of preparation, maintenance, and pasture facilities across the United States. As of March 24, 2025, the total capacity of all facilities is 81,167, with a combined population of 65,189 animals, including 62,534 horses and 2,655 burros.

Strategic Land Acquisition for Wild Horse Preservation"

"To secure a future for wild horses and burros, we aim to acquire base properties linked to BLM allotments. Ideally, each property should control at least three public acres for every private acre, ensuring that land use prioritizes wild horses over cattle. By flipping the preference toward preservation rather than exploitation, we can create lasting refuges where wild herds can roam freely, as nature intended."

Introduction

This proposal outlines a sustainable approach to placing wild horses on public lands not originally designated for their use by acquiring deeded acreage associated with one or more grazing allotments (known as base property) and transferring the grazing preference to wild horses. This method ensures long-term protection and responsible stewardship of wild horses while aligning with public land management policies.

Objective

To secure designated areas on public lands where wild horses can roam freely under humane and ecologically responsible management. This initiative aims to provide a viable alternative to roundups and off-range holding while ensuring compliance with legal and environmental standards.

Key Requirements & Process

1. Acquisition of Base Property

Identify and purchase private deeded land that holds an existing federal grazing permit or lease.

The property must control at least three public acres for every one private acre to ensure sustainable habitat for the horses.

2. Grazing Preference Transfer

Petition the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) or the U.S. Forest Service to convert the existing grazing preference from livestock to wild horses.

Ensure compliance with agency requirements and submit all necessary documentation.

3. Compliance with Land Use Policies

Verify that the proposed land does not overlap existing designated wild horse and burro herd management areas.

Conduct an Environmental Assessment (EA) or Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) as required.

Engage in public commenting periods and agency coordination for land use approval.

Resource & Management Plan

1. Land & Natural Resource Considerations

Ensure the selected public lands provide adequate forage, clean water sources, and weather protection.

Establish fencing and containment measures as needed to comply with local regulations and land use agreements.

2. Financial Responsibilities & Sustainability

Develop a financial plan to cover veterinary care, monitoring, and long-term land management.

Seek funding through grants, public donations, and partnerships with conservation organizations.

3. Monitoring & Reporting

Implement a regular reporting system to provide updates on herd health, land conditions, and compliance with regulatory requirements.

Maintain open communication with federal agencies, local stakeholders, and the public.

Conclusion

By utilizing this approach, we can create sustainable, long-term solutions for wild horse populations while promoting responsible stewardship of public lands. This initiative not only prevents unnecessary roundups but also fosters a more humane and ecologically responsible future for America’s wild horses.

Pancake Complex Wild Horse Gather and Management Plan Summary

Key Actions and Justifications:

Boundary Adjustments & HMA Mergers:

BLM merged HMAs due to historical wild horse interchange.

2007 PRMP/FEIS evaluated habitat based on forage, water, cover, space, and reproductive viability.

2008 Ely RMP set AML for ecological balance.

Removal of Jakes Wash from HMA Status:

Reverted to HA status per WH-5 of the 2008 Ely RMP.

Justification: overpopulation causing range damage and conflicting with multiple-use objectives.

Wild Horse Removal Strategy:

Align with 2008 Ely RMP land management goals.

Prevent overgrazing and maintain multiple-use priorities.

Multi-jurisdiction roundup across Tonopah Field Office and Humboldt-Toiyabe National Forest.

Key Concerns:

Outdated Data Usage: Based on 2007-2008 data, not reflecting current land conditions.

Multiple-Use Prioritization: Emphasis on livestock grazing over wild horse preservation.

Loss of Jakes Wash Habitat: Permanent removal of wild horses.

Private/Public Land Interests Influence: Grazing allotments impacting decisions.

Current BLM Actions:

Estimated 1,104 horses above AML.

Heavy grazing documented on key forage species and water sources.

Emergency gathers conducted in 2016, 2018, 2020 due to water shortages.

Despite removing 2,030 horses in 2022, AML remains unmet.

Management Goals:

Manage for 336-638 wild horses.

Remove excess animals to reach low AML.

Apply fertility control and/or IUDs to mares.

Maintain a sex ratio of 60% males and 40% females.

Introduce mares from other HMAs for genetic diversity.

Pendley was the author of Chapter 16, Department of the Interior, of Mandate for Leadership (2025), the policy planning document of the conservative Heritage Foundation's Project 2025 "Presidential Transition Project" for a possible second Trump administration

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